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Everything you need to know about West Nile virus (WNV) in 2023

Here's a list of the most cited journal articles on West Nile virus (WNV)

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild fever to severe neurological illness. The virus is transmitted to humans and animals through the bite of an infected mosquito.

Research has shown that WNV is a significant public health problem, particularly in the United States. The virus was first identified in the United States in 1999 and has since spread to many other parts of the country. The most common symptoms of WNV infection include fever, headache, body aches, and sometimes a skin rash. In severe cases, the infection can cause encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord).

The best way to prevent WNV infection is to protect against mosquito bites. This can be done by using mosquito repellent, wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants, and avoiding being outdoors during the hours when mosquitoes are most active (dawn and dusk). Research has also shown that controlling the mosquito population can help to reduce the spread of the virus.

Research also focuses on developing a vaccine for WNV, a few candidate vaccines are being tested in clinical trials but are still not yet available for the general public. Also, researchers are trying to understand more about the virus’s epidemiology, symptoms and risk factors for severe illness, and the genetic diversity of the virus.

No specific treatment for WNV infection is available, supportive care is the mainstay of treatment for infected individuals.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010075
2022
Cited 13 times
Epidemiology of West Nile virus in Africa: An underestimated threat
Giulia Mencattelli, Marie Henriette Dior Ndione, Roberto Rosà, Giovanni Marini, Cheikh Tidiane Diagne, Moussa Moïse Diagne, Gamou Fall, Ousmane Faye, Mawlouth Diallo, Ousmane Faye, Giovanni Savini, Annapaola Rizzoli
West Nile virus
Epidemiology
Public health
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040807
2022
Cited 7 times
Spread of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the German Bird Population, 2019–2020
Ute Ziegler, Felicitas Bergmann, Dominik Fischer, Kerstin Müller, Cora M Holicki, Balal Sadeghi, Michael Sieg, Markus Keller, Rebekka Schwehn, Maximilian Reuschel, Luisa Fischer, Oliver Krone, Monika Rinder, Karolin Schütte, Volker Schmidt, Martin Eiden, Christine Fast, Anne Günther, Anja Globig, Franz Josef Conraths, Christoph Staubach, Florian Brandes, Michael Lierz, Rüdiger Korbel, Thomas W. Vahlenkamp, Martin H. Groschup
Seroprevalence
Flavivirus
Population
DOI: 10.3390/v14040756
2022
Cited 6 times
West Nile Virus Neuroinfection in Humans: Peripheral Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage
Orianne Constant, Jonathan Barthelemy, Anna Nagy, Sara Salinas, Yannick Simonin
Immunology
Medicine
Neuroinflammation
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.25.2200068
2022
Cited 6 times
One Health surveillance of West Nile and Usutu viruses: a repeated cross-sectional study exploring seroprevalence and endemicity in Southern France, 2016 to 2020
Orianne Constant, Patricia Gil, Jonathan Barthelemy, Karine Bollore, Vincent Foulongne, Caroline Desmetz, Agnès Leblond, Isabelle Desjardins, Sophie Pradier, Aurélien Joulié, Alain Sandoz, Rayane Amaral, Michel R. Boisseau, Ignace Rakotoarivony, Thierry Baldet, Albane Marie, Benoit Francés, F. Reboul Salze, Bachirou Tinto, Philippe Van de Perre, Sara Salinas, Cécile Beck, Sylvie Lecolinet, Serafin Gutierrez, Yannick Simonin
Enzootic
Seroprevalence
Outbreak
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.29.2200548
2022
Cited 6 times
Early start of seasonal transmission and co-circulation of West Nile virus lineage 2 and a newly introduced lineage 1 strain, northern Italy, June 2022
Luisa Barzon, Fabrizio Montarsi, Erika Quaranta, Isabella Monne, Monia Pacenti, Alice Michelutti, Federica Toniolo, Patrizia Danesi, Giulio Marchetti, Federica Gobbo, Alessandro Sinigaglia, Silvia Riccetti, Emanuela Dal Molin, Laura Favero, Francesca Russo, Gioia Capelli
Lineage (genetic)
Outbreak
West Nile virus
DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100370
2022
Cited 6 times
Artificial intelligence to predict West Nile virus outbreaks with eco-climatic drivers
Zia Farooq, Joacim Rocklöv, Jonas Wallin, Najmeh Abiri, Maquines Odhiambo Sewe, Henrik Sjödin, Jan C. Semenza
Outbreak
West Nile virus
Geography
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02969-3
2022
Cited 5 times
West Nile virus transmission potential in Portugal
José Lourenço, Sílvia Barros, Líbia Zé-Zé, Daniel S. C. Damineli, Marta Giovanetti, Hugo Osório, Fátima Amaro, Ana Henriques, Fernanda F. Ramos, Tiago Luís, Margarida Duarte, Teresa Fagulha, Maria Dalva Santos Alves, Uri Obolski
Outbreak
West Nile virus
Transmission (telecommunications)
DOI: 10.3390/v14030569
2022
Cited 5 times
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020)
Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda, Sebastian Napp, Francisco Llorente, Carlos Solano-Manrique, Rafael A. Molina-López, Elena Obón, Alba Solé, Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero, Jovita Fernández-Pinero, Núria Busquets
Outbreak
West Nile virus
Flavivirus
DOI: 10.3390/v14020243
2022
Cited 5 times
Seroepidemiological Survey of West Nile Virus Infections in Horses from Berlin/Brandenburg and North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Felicitas Bergmann, Dagmar S Trachsel, Sabita D. Stoeckle, Joke Bernis Sierra, Stephan Lübke, Martin H. Groschup, Heidrun Gehlen, Ute Ziegler
Seroprevalence
West Nile virus
Virology
DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14113
2022
Cited 5 times
Rift Valley Fever and West Nile virus vectors in Morocco: Current situation and future anticipated scenarios
Abdelkrim Outammassine, Said Zouhair, Souad Loqman
Rift Valley fever
Outbreak
Geography
DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01111-0
2022
Cited 4 times
Single-cell RNA transcriptome analysis of CNS immune cells reveals CXCL16/CXCR6 as maintenance factors for tissue-resident T cells that drive synapse elimination
Sarah F. Rosen, Allison L. Soung, Wei Yang, Shenjian Ai, Marlene Kanmogne, Veronica A. Davé, Maxim Artyomov, Jeffrey A. Magee, Robyn S. Klein
Biology
Microglia
Forebrain
DOI: 10.3390/v14020416
2022
Cited 4 times
West Nile and Usutu Virus Introduction via Migratory Birds: A Retrospective Analysis in Italy
Elisa Mancuso, Jacopo Giuseppe Cecere, Federica Iapaolo, A. Di Gennaro, Massimo Sacchi, Giovanni Savini, Fernando Spina, Federica Monaco
West Nile virus
Serology
Biology
DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14513
2022
Cited 4 times
Modelling the temperature suitability for the risk of West Nile Virus establishment in European <i>Culex pipiens</i> populations
Gabriella Di Pol, Matteo Crotta, Rachel M Taylor
Culex pipiens
West Nile virus
Culex
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138182
2022
Cited 3 times
Seroprevalence Rates against West Nile, Usutu, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses in Blood-Donors from North-Western Romania
Mircea Coroian, Andrei Daniel Mihalca, Gerhard Dobler, Kathrin Euringer, Philipp Girl, Silvia-Diana Borșan, Zsuzsa Kalmár, Victor-Alexandru Briciu, Mirela Flonta, Adriana Violeta Topan, Anca Radulescu, Andrei Ungur, Mihaela Lupșe
Seroprevalence
Flavivirus
Virology
DOI: 10.1007/s10344-022-01572-z
2022
Cited 3 times
Usutu virus in blackbirds (Turdus merula) with clinical signs, a case study from northern Italy
Carmela Musto, Marco Tamba, Mattia Calzolari, Deborah Torri, K. Marzani, J. Cerri, Paolo Bonilauri, Mauro Delogu
Biology
Flavivirus
Flaviviridae
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060615
2022
Cited 3 times
Flavivirus NS1 Triggers Tissue-Specific Disassembly of Intercellular Junctions Leading to Barrier Dysfunction and Vascular Leak in a GSK-3β-Dependent Manner
Henry Puerta-Guardo, Scott B. Biering, Francielle Tramontini Gomes de Sousa, Jeffrey Shu, Dustin R. Glasner, Jeffrey S Li, Sophie Blanc, P. Robert Beatty, Eva Harris
Cell biology
Vascular permeability
Biology
DOI: 10.3390/v14020435
2022
Cited 3 times
Adaptive Evolution as a Driving Force of the Emergence and Re-Emergence of Mosquito-Borne Viral Diseases
Xi Yu, Gong Cheng
Biology
Virology
Chikungunya
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116631
2022
Cited 3 times
SAR evolution towards potent C-terminal carboxamide peptide inhibitors of Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease
Stefania Colarusso, Federica Ferrigno, Simona Ponzi, Francesca Pavone, Immacolata Conte, Luigi Abate, Elisa Beghetto, Antonino Missineo, Jerome Amaudrut, Alberto Bresciani, Giacomo Paonessa, Licia Tomei, Christian Montalbetti, Elisabetta Bianchi, Carlo Toniatti, Jesus M. Ontoria
NS3
Chemistry
Tripeptide
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.784486
2022
Cited 3 times
Impact of Dietary Fiber on West Nile Virus Infection
Duan Ni, Jian Tan, Paula Niewold, Alanna Gabrielle Spiteri, Gabriela Pinget, Dragana Stanley, Nicholas J. C. King, Laurence Macia
Viral encephalitis
Encephalitis
Flavivirus
DOI: 10.2987/21-7049
2022
Cited 3 times
West Nile Virus and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus High Probability Habitat Identification for the Selection of Sentinel Chicken Surveillance Sites in Florida
Sean P. Beeman, Joni A. Downs, Thomas R. Unnasch, Robert S. Unnasch
Arbovirus
Virology
Biology
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010260
2022
Cited 3 times
Effects of ivermectin treatment of backyard chickens on mosquito dynamics and West Nile virus transmission
Karen M. Holcomb, Chilinh Nguyen, Brian D. Foy, Michelle Ahn, Kurt Cramer, Emma T. Lonstrup, Asli Mete, Lisa A. Tell, Christopher M. Barker
Ivermectin
Biology
Mosquito control
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010052
2022
Cited 3 times
Severe West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease: Clinical Characteristics, Short- and Long-Term Outcomes
Marija Santini, Sara Haberle, Snjezana Zidovec-Lepej, Vladimir Savić, Marija Kusulja, Neven Papić, Klaudija Višković, Ivana Župetić, Giovanni Savini, Ljubo Barbić, Irena Tabain, Marko Kutleša, Vladimir Krajinović, Tanja Potocnik-Hunjadi, Elizabeta Dvorski, Tamara Butigan, Gordana Kolaric-Sviben, Vladimir Stevanović, Lana Gorenec, Ivana Hebrang Grgić, Filip Glavač, Armin Mehmedović, Eddy Listeš, Tatjana Vilibić-Čavlek
Medicine
Intensive care unit
Pediatrics
DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7080160
2022
Cited 3 times
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Overwintering in Italy
Giulia Mencattelli, F. Iapaolo, Andrea Polci, Maurilia Marcacci, Annapia Di Gennaro, Liana Teodori, Valentina Curini, Valeria Di Lollo, Barbara Secondini, Silvia Scialabba, Marco Gobbi, Elisabetta Manuali, Cesare Cammà, Roberto Rosà, Annapaola Rizzoli, Federica Monaco, Giovanni Savini
Virology
Transmission (telecommunications)
Overwintering
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071328
2022
Cited 3 times
West Nile Virus Occurrence and Ecological Niche Modeling in Wild Bird Species and Mosquito Vectors: An Active Surveillance Program in the Peloponnese Region of Greece
Marina Sofia, Alexios Giannakopoulos, Ioannis A. Giantsis, Antonia Touloudi, Periklis Birtsas, Konstantinos V. Papageorgiou, Zoi Athanasakopoulou, Dimitris Chatzopoulos, Georgia Vrioni, Dimitrios Galamatis, Vasilis Diamantopoulos, Spyridoula Mpellou, Evanthia Petridou, Spyridon K. Kritas, Matina Palli, Giorgos Georgakopoulos, Vassiliki Spyrou, Athanassios Tsakris, Alexandra Chaskopoulou, Charalambos Billinis
Culex pipiens
West Nile virus
Aedes albopictus
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7118a3
2022
Cited 3 times
West Nile Virus and Other Domestic Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases — United States, 2020
Raymond Soto, Matthew Hughes, J. Erin Staples, Nicole P. Lindsey
Outbreak
Medicine
Encephalitis